Long distance oil and gas transmission lines
- Pipeline hydraulics and heat loss estimation
- optimum pipeline diameter, pump/compressor station spacing and station power requirements
- CAPEX and O&M costs over life of pipeline
- "Optimum" design defined as lowest NPV life-cycle cost for selected discount rate
- Timing of pump/compressor stations for variable throughput profiles
- Unit pump/compressor size evaluation and sparing requirements
- Overall fuel/energy consumption and associated emissions estimation